Hawkins Electrical Guide v. 01 (of 10) Questions, Answers, & Illustrations, A progressive course of study for engineers, electricians, students and those desiring to — A Closer Reading

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Transcriber’s Note: The original publication has been replicated faithfully except as shown in the TRANSCRIBER’S AMENDMENTS at the end of the text. This etext presumes a mono-spaced font on the user’s device, such as Courier New. Words in italics are indicated like _this_. Text emphasized with bold characters or other treatment is shown like =this=. Superscripts are indicated like this: S^{ta} Maria. Subscripts are indicated like this: H_{2}O. Footnotes are located near the end of the work.

THE THOUGHT IS IN THE QUESTION THE INFORMATION IS IN THE ANSWER

QUESTIONS ANSWERS & ILLUSTRATIONS

A PROGRESSIVE COURSE OF STUDY FOR ENGINEERS, ELECTRICIANS, STUDENTS AND THOSE DESIRING TO ACQUIRE A WORKING KNOWLEDGE OF

ELECTRICITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS

THEO. AUDEL & CO. 72 FIFTH AVE. NEW YORK.

COPYRIGHTED, 1914, BY THEO. AUDEL & CO., NEW YORK.

Printed in the United States.

_The word “guide” is defined as:_

=_One who leads another in any path or direction; a person who shows or points out the way, especially by accompanying or going before; more particularly, one who shows strangers or tourists about; a conductor; leader, as “let us follow our guide.”_=

_This book, or =“Guide,”= is so called because it =leads= or =points out the way= to the acquirement of a theoretical and practical knowledge of Electricity._

_There are several guides, each covering in detail a certain phase of the broad subject of Electricity and leading the reader progressively, and in such a way, that he easily grasps, not only the simple fundamental facts, but the more complex problems, encountered in the study of Electricity. This is accomplished by the aid of a =very large number of illustrations=, together with specific explanations, worded in =concise and simple language=._

_The Guides are written partly in the question and answer form, as this style of presentation has met with hearty approval, not only from those of limited education, but also from the better informed._

_Where recourse is had to the question and answer form, the special aim of the author has been to give short and direct answers, in such plain language as to preclude a misconception of the meaning. With this in view, =the answer gives= simply =the information sought by the question=._

_=The answer is limited to one paragraph= so that the reader may concentrate upon the fact or facts demanded by the question._

_Any enlargement of the answer or specific explanations of items contained therein, are presented in separate paragraphs printed, in smaller type._

_With this plan of =separating the answer=, as it were, from items of secondary importance, and making it short and simple, its content is more forcibly impressed upon the mind of the reader._

_In a text book, it is necessary to illustrate and explain the various species of commercial apparatus met with in practice, and in this connection the Publishers desire to call attention to the manner in which the author has treated what may be classed as the =“descriptive matter.”= Contrary to the usual custom of giving descriptions of commercial machines in the main text, where they would occupy considerable space, to the exclusion of the more important matter, all such descriptions are placed in small type directly under the illustrations, leaving space for an adequate presentation of the underlying =principles=, =theories=, and for the large amount of =practical information= that is essential to obtain a general knowledge of Electricity and its numerous applications._

_Credit is largely due to Frank D. Graham, B.S., M.S. (Princeton University), and M.E. (Stevens Institute), practical engineer, for the authorship of the =Guides=, and for original sketches illustrating electrical principles and construction._

TABLE OF CONTENTS GUIDE NO. 1.

=INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER=

=ELECTRICITY= =1 to 4=

Nature and source--=kinds of electricity:= static, current, dynamic, radiated, positive, negative, atmospheric, frictional, resinous, vitreous.

=STATIC ELECTRICITY= =5 to 26=

Electrical =attraction and repulsion=--the charge--distribution of the charge--free and bound electricity--conductors and insulators--=electroscopes=--gold leaf electroscope--electric screens--electrification by induction--nature of the induced charge--the electrophorus--=condensers=; Leyden jar--=electric machines=--action of Toepler-Holtz machine--Wimshurst machines.

=THE ELECTRIC CURRENT= =27 to 34=

Volt--ampere--ohm--=Ohm’s law=--production of the electric current--current strength--voltage drop in an electric current.

=PRIMARY CELLS= =35 to 67=

=The word “battery”=--action of cell--chemical changes; polarization--effects of polarization--methods of depolarization-- depolarizers--depolarizer bag--Volta’s contact law--contact series of metals--=laws of chemical action in cell=-- requirements of a good cell--=single and two fluid cells=-- the Leclanche cell--Fuller bichromate cell--the Edison cell--Grenet bichromate cell--Daniell cell--directions for making a Daniell cell--gravity cells--Daniell gravity cell--so-called “dry” cells--=points relating to dry cells=-- care of cells--cleanliness--separating the elements--creeping-- amalgamated zinc--battery connections.

=CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS= =68 to 74=